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2014年9月9日星期二

20 Hard Lessons Everyone Should Learn In Their 20s


sunrise
Your 20s are a time to discover what the world’s really like and how you fit into it.
Transitioning from a lifestyle without significant responsibilities into the “real world” makes your 20s a decade of tough lessons.
Wherever you’re at in your 20s — whether you’re on your own or still with your parents, figuring out your career or going through grad school — you can learn from those who have already been through it.
We took at look at the Quora thread “What are the most difficult things people have to learn in their 20s” and highlighted the best answers.
Here are 20 hard lessons that everyone should learn in their 20s:

1. Your world view may be seriously flawed.

It’s natural to feel like you’ve got a solid life philosophy figured out by the time you graduate college, but you’ll likely redefine how you see relationships, politics, your career, and anything else you can think of. As Rachel Laine puts it, “[Y]ou discover everything that you thought you had all figured out was tragically wrong, laughably confused, or utterly delusional.”

2. It’s harder to get away with lies and excuses.

Maybe you made a habit of getting away with things by making up stories for your parents or professors. But lies and deceit won’t fly in your professional or personal life anymore.
“The truth has a way of rearing its ugly head, so the sooner you can come to integrity with yourself and the world at large, the sooner you’ll be able to get working towards what you really want, who you really want to be,” says Arjuna Perkins.

3. You can’t party like you used to.

Back in college you may have been able to spend a night binge drinking until two in the morning and make it to class by 11 a.m. That sort of lifestyle is incompatible with most careers. And you’ll come to find that as you progress through your 20s, your body has a harder time dealing with excess, Perkins says.
Enjoy your vices in moderation, exercise, and eat well. Your future self will thank you.

4. People will resent you if you try to always be right.

“Let go of having to be right about things — this isn’t a contest,” Perkins says. “It’s not a game. You don’t win at life. So say, ‘Thanks for your perspective. I’ll think about that,’ or, ‘I was wrong. I’m sorry.’”

5. Life is hard, and it never gets much easier.

As your responsibilities begin to pile up in your 20s, you’ll realize that just getting by — let alone becoming very successful — requires a lot of work. And there will always be failures and setbacks.
“You will fail in life, over and over and over. It won’t feel fair. Maybe for decades. You’ve got to keep moving forward. Keep going,” Perkins says.

couple shadow holding hands
Meaningful relationships require sacrifices and dedication.
6. Meaningful relationships are difficult to maintain.

If and when you decide to consider marriage or at least a serious romantic relationship, you’re going to realize that it requires plenty of sacrifices and work. You’ll realize the same goes for your closest friends, who will also be changing as you grow older. But these relationships are more important to your happiness and fulfillment than anything else in your life, says Rich Tatum.

7. You’re replaceable at work.

Many companies like to portray themselves as families, but at the end of the day that’s just semantics. If your company can no longer afford you or thinks it can invest more wisely in someone else, you’ll be cut from that family pretty easily.
“The company does not love you. It has no heart,” Tatum says.

8. You don’t have forever to find and pursue your passion.

The money you make from your job will mean nothing if you’re not actually enjoying life, Tatum says.
If you pursue a career solely for a big check and set aside the things you love to pursue later, you’ll find it becomes significantly harder to change careers or dedicate yourself to a passion project the older you get.

9. You’re not entitled to anything.

It’s necessary to be humble, Tatum says, especially about advantages you may have received through sheer luck. And never think that just because you put in work for things like degrees from elite universities that they guarantee you privileges in life.
Be grateful for what you have, and realize that in a single moment you can lose the things you take for granted.

10. Picking fights and holding grudges will make you miserable.

“Avoid fights. Seriously. Avoid them like a plague: Nobody wins in a fight, even if you walk away unscathed,” Tatum writes.
Accept apologies and apologize when you make a mistake. Don’t fill your life with negativity.

boss, feedback
You will need to always be developing your communication and negotiation skills.
11. You must keep learning if you want to be successful.

Your education is far from over after you leave a classroom for the last time. Dedicate yourself to learning things that will help you in your career, including “the abilities to assimilate, communicate, and persuade,”Tatum says.

12. Decisions that take a few seconds to make can have long-term ramifications.

Never make a decision on an emotional impulse. “[S]tupid decisions made in the moment can rob you of years of joy and happiness,” Tatum writes.

13. Money is hard to earn.

When your family is supporting you, it can be difficult to grasp how much a dollar is worth, even if you are not spoiled or selfish, says Rahul Bhatt.
As you start living on your own, however, you’ll soon realize that frivolous things you would normally not give a second thought about purchasing are not worth the hours of work equivalent to the price tag.

14. Your friend circle will likely get smaller.

As you go through your 20s, you’ll naturally start to drift away from some of your friends. Gone are the days of partying with a room full of your buddies, Bhatt says. You will realize, though, that the friends you put the effort into staying in touch with are the ones who mean the most to you.

15. You’ll probably have a bigger role to play in your family.

“Family is very important. Till now they supported you, now it’s your turn,” Bhatt writes.
Your parents may always try to nurture you as if you were a child, but they will need your emotional — and perhaps even financial — help as they get older and you become your own person.

16. Hard work isn’t always recognized.

You should accept that your boss may not always notice your contributions, Bhatt says.
Do not let that be an excuse to become lazy, and don’t protest if someone else gets credit for your work.

17. Debt will haunt you.

A full 70% of college students graduated with debt last year, averaging $30,000 in loans. But the fact that most young professionals are living with debt doesn’t make it something you should live with for a long time. Prioritize your spending to get rid of it as quickly as you are able to.
And at some point in your 20s you’re probably going to get a credit card — use it wisely. “Realize that you will end up paying double, maybe more, for that round of drinks at the bar because you put it on credit instead of saving the cash,” says Thea Pilarczyk.

18. There is always someone “better” than you.

“There are always going to be people who are smarter, better looking, more sociable, and just all around ‘better’ than you… To be happy, then, you have to learn to accept yourself and your shortcomings,” says Brandon Chu.
Pursue success on your own terms, not by living someone else’s life or forever living in the shadow of someone else.

19. You’ll never have it “all sorted out.”

“Remember when you thought you’d have it all sorted out by 30?” Chu asks. You’ll realize how silly that is as your 30th birthday draws closer. The truth is, you’ll become wiser with age, but you’ll always question your decisions.

20. Becoming an adult is not some magical transformation.

Being an adult is more a matter of heightened expectations than any tangible change, says Hugh Powell. As he bluntly puts it: “[N]o matter how good you get at playing the adult, you won’t forget that underneath it all, at any age, you are always a scared little child, with no real idea of what you are doing.”
Use this knowledge to recognize that everyone else is in the same position as you, no matter what image they project to the world. This can help you become more insightful, compassionate, and forgiving, Powell says.

2014年7月26日星期六

11 Crucial Lessons Everyone Learns In Business School


harvard business school class
Management professor Clay Christensen teaches a class at Harvard Business School.
MBA students at top-tier business schools learn the critical accounting, marketing, and management skills required to run a successful business.
One of the main ways they learn these skills is through case studies, a teaching method borrowed from the sciences and first applied to corporate analysis by Harvard Business School.
Students are presented with some of the most difficult business situations in corporate history and then discuss how a company either triumphed spectacularly or failed miserably.
We asked several professors from top business schools — including Laurence Capron of INSEAD, Tim Vogus of Vanderbilt University, Aaron Chatterji of Duke University, and Gautam Ahuja of the University of Michigan — to share the most important case studies they teach their students. We’ve highlighted the main takeaway from each.

Why Apple changed its name

Key takeaway: Sometimes you can’t take a rival head on.
What happened: Apple changed its name from “Apple Computers” to “Apple Inc.” in 2007. That reflected a fundamental shift in its business, away from its iconic Mac computers and towards new lines like the iPod and new iPhone, which made up more than half of the company’s revenue then.
While computers were an important part of the company, Apple’s success came from its digital devices business rather than beating Windows and Intel for share of the personal computer market. It successfully reinvented itself.

How bad communication nearly ruined a manager’s career

Key takeaway: Playing politics can be unavoidable.
What happened: The case, which has several fictionalized variations to hide identities, follows Erik Peterson, a recent MBA graduate who is the general manager at a subsidiary of a large scientific materials company in the mid-2000s. Peterson’s group is developing an innovative piece of surgical equipment but is behind schedule. He offers a plan to meet a revised target, to be reviewed by headquarters.
Though hard working, highly educated, and competent, Peterson has trouble playing office politics and struggles dealing with his manager. He does not know who exactly he needs to report to and personnel problems accumulate amid the confusion. Peterson tries isolating himself from the chaos and works harder and harder on his own — while his team falls apart.
Eventually, the company gets restructured, and Peterson gets the boot. 

How USA Today reinvented itself

Key takeaway: Sometimes the old guard can’t handle a new reality.
What happened: Facing falling circulation of the daily newspaper and the rise of digital news, USA Today CEO Tom Curley saw the need to better integrate his businesses. He wanted to leverage and share content across the company’s online, television, and print platforms.
His management team and staff were resistant, claiming insurmountable divides in culture and work style. Curley had to make the case that this was essential for the future of the business, and eventually replaced five of his seven senior managers as part of the change.

How Lincoln Electric succeeded with a wildly unconventional strategy

Key takeaway: Keep it simple.
What happened: One of Harvard’s classic cases, with over 200,000 copies sold, examines the unique culture and strategy of what was the largest manufacturer of arc-welding products in 1975. The company provided no benefits and didn’t have a union. It also provided guaranteed employment, employee equity, and gave management responsibility to workers.
Particularly unique was the way it paid its workers, in a piecework fashion with bonuses based on the company’s revenues. Workers generally earned significantly more than those at similar companies, but the company was still productive at low cost.
Lincoln’s strategy was unusual, but very clear, consistent, and successful in motivating its workers.

How ethical decisions are different abroad

Key takeaway: Ethical decisions aren’t always cut and dry.
What happened: The new managing director of the Argentinian subsidiary of Merck was tasked with changing it into a more modern and professional business organization.
A short time into his term he was confronted with an ethical dilemma. A candidate for a highly competitive internship, who missed the cut, was the son of a high ranking official in the government’s healthcare system. It was implied that hiring the student would ensure that Merck’s drugs would be included on the government’s healthcare roster, increasing sales. It was a conflict between Mosquera’s desire to reform, and the realities of doing business in a changing country.

Why Cisco started hunting bigger game

Key takeaway: Companies need different things at different times.
What happened? Around 2006, Cisco began to move away from its long-standing acquisition strategy of buying small, innovative startups and towards larger “platform” deals. The initial strategy came about as the internet was growing rapidly, and customers looked to Cisco for a wide variety of solutions. The case outlines how Cisco’s acquisition strategy developed, then changed as the company and market did. 

Why Airborne Express lost the delivery race

Key takeaway: Specialization can compete with economies of scale, but only up to a certain point.
What happened: A smaller competitor to giants like FedEx and UPS, Airborne Express had managed to significantly grow revenues despite its size. Part of that had come on the heels of a strike at UPS, and the company had to take advantage of that. Since FedEx and UPS were so large, the company had to find a way to specialize to survive.
They targeted high volume business customers, shipped primarily to large metropolitan areas, aggressively cut costs, and adopted new technology after FedEx and UPS. Ultimately, that strategy wasn’t sustainable, and the company was acquired by DHL.

How Microsoft challenged Google search

Key takeaway: There’s no magic solution. It takes an entire organization’s experience and talent.
What happened: Ten years after its founding, Google had managed to become dominant in search and search advertising. Microsoft was a distant third, and a deal to buy Yahoo had fallen through. Though already in a very strong financial position, it wanted a bigger piece of a rapidly-growing business.
The case tracks Google’s rise, Microsoft’s initial search efforts, and Microsoft’s push for real innovation in 2008, which led to Bing! in 2009. Microsoft focused on “user experience, the business model, and the ecosystem of the industry in question,” along with a significant marketing effort.

How William Avery filled the shoes of a legend

Case: Crown Cork & Seal in 1989
Key takeaway: Don’t be afraid to think for yourself.
What happened: William Avery succeeded the man who had saved the company, the aging John Connelly as CEO in 1989. Avery had to reevaluate Connelly’s long standing strategy, as cost efficiency couldn’t work alone. New competitors had emerged, margins were decreasing, a major rival was for sale, and their core metal can business didn’t look like it would grow significantly in coming years.
He had to decide whether to attempt to grow through acquisition, which hadn’t always worked in the industry, or expand to new and different products like plastics. The company ended up doing both, and manufactures one in five beverage cans used worldwide.

How a retired doctor created a giant nonprofit

Key takeaway: An ambitious vision must be balanced with a clear model for realizing it.
What happened: In 1976, the late Govindappa Venkataswamy was a physician who emerged from retirement to eliminate what he considered “needless blindness” caused by untreated cataracts in India and eventually around the world.
He set out on his ambitious journey by modeling his hospital after McDonald’s, with carefully standardized practices aimed at keeping costs low. “Dr. V.” also created a tiered pricing model that charged patients an amount suitable to their income, which allowed Dr. V. to fund surgeries for those who couldn’t afford to pay. His Aravind Eye Hospital reached out to villages directly to find new patients.
The United Nations, Google, and the Gates foundation have supported the Aravind Eye Care System, which has now served hundreds of thousands of patients.

Why Nucor Steel took a major gamble

Key takeaway: Operations expertise has limits; new investment determines its scale.
What happened: In 1986, Nucor’s CEO Kenneth Iverson had to make a critical decision on whether or not to adopt a new steel casting technology. The technology would allow the company to gain significant first mover advantage and reduce costs in the long run. The company would have to make a huge investment, however, and the technology was unproven and could be leapfrogged in coming years.
Nucor ended up building the first plant with the new technology in 1989, and remains one of the largest steelmakers in the United States.